Hydraulic elevator and other hydraulic apparatus.



No. 822,595. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

E. M. FRASER. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND OTHER HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.12, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR M M 5m PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

E. M. FRASER. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND OTHER HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 12, 1904.

4 snzms-snm 2.

i ATTORNEY IHHIIIIIIIIIII 32 INVENTOI? No. 822,595. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906 E. M. FRASER. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND OTHER HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 12, 1904.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 8 FIG WIT/V5885?! I l I INVENTOH J/mm I ATTORNEY PATENTEDJUNE 5, 1906.

E. M. FRASER. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND OTHER HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

APPLIOAI'ION FILED SEPT. 12 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4'.

FIG. 16

FIG. 15

FIG.

INVENTOR WITNESSES. Z I

ETHELBERT M. FRASER, OF YONKER ASSIGNMENTS, TO FRASER HYDR S, NEW YORK,ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AULIC COMPENSATOR COMPANY.

HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR AND OTHER HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, 1906.

Application filed. September 12. 1904. Serial No. 224,101.

To aZZ whom it mmy concern:

Be it known that I, ETHELBERT M. FRASER, a citizen of Canada, and aresident of Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Elevatorsand other Hydraulic Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

The invention relates to improvements in hydraulic elevators and otherhydraulic apparatus and it consists in the novel features, principles,arrangements, and combinations of parts hereinafter described, andparticularly pointed out in the claims.

The object of the invention is to provide efficient means interposedbetween the supply-main and the cylinder or actuating-motor whereby theamount of water from the supply-main used in the said cylinder or motoris directly proportional to the load lifted or the work performed.

A further object of the invention is to pro vide means whereby the workdone by the descending car and its load may be stored up andsubsequently utilized in raising the car and its load.

In accordance with my invention I provide intermediate the supply-mainand cylinder very simple and easily-controlled and installed means forregulatin the water-supply, so that the water used from the supplymainmay be directly proportional to the load raised or lowered in anelevator or in other apparatus to the amount of work done, my purposebeing, among other objects, to avoid the Waste incident to the use ofhydraulic elevators and other hydraulic apparatus in which the amount ofwater used is a fixed quantity at a fixed pressure regardless of thework done or whether the load is light or heavy.

I present my invention in this application as embraced in a hydraulicelevator and as comprising intermediate the supply-main andpower-cylinder or motor an apparatus consisting of a rotary pump (whichat times opcrates as a motor) of fixed capacity connected at one sidewith the supply-main and at the other side with the power-cylinder ormotor, a storage-tank for water, a variable rotary motor (which at timesoperates as a pump) connected at one side with said storage-tank and atits other side with the supply or main side of said pump, and means forva rying the capacity of said rotary motor, whether acting as a motor ora pump, from nothing to the maximum at will. The said rotary pump ormotor and said variable rotary motor or pump are preferably of theimpeller class and by preference of the twocycloidal impeller type andare arran ed end to end, so that one pair of parallel sha ts may extendthrough both of them and receive the impellers, the major axis of thecorresponding impellers in both pumps or motors being on the same plane.The said variable rotary motor or pump is provided with rotarycylindrical envelops for its impellers and with means for effecting theexposure to a greater or less extent of the adjoining ends of saidimpellers beyond said envelops and of placing said exposed portions ofsaid impellers into cooperative relation to eachother, the purpose beingthat only so much of said impellers shall be exposed for duty as mayfrom time to time be requisite for pumping or consuming, asthe case maybe, the required volume of water. The said variable rotary motor or pumpcomprises a stationary frame forming a seat for the rotary envelop ofone impeller and a movable frame affording a seat for the rotary envelopof the other impeller and being connected with the impeller of the saidstationary frame, the arrangement being such that as said movable frameis moved toward the stationary frame it will move its envelop over andpartly or wholly conceal its impeller and at the same time and in thesame degree force the other impeller into the envelop of said stationaryframe and that as said movable frame is moved outwardly from saidstationary frame it will withdraw its envelop from over its impeller andat the same time and in the same degree withdraw the other impeller fromthe envelop of the stationary-frame and place the exposed portion ofsame into cooperative relation with the exposed portion of the impellerof the movable frame.

The invention will be fully understood from the detailed descriptionhereinafter presented, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,in which Figure 1 is a side view of apparatus embodying the invention,this figure showing the pump or motor of fixed capacity to be connectedwith the supply main and cylinder and the variable motoror pump to beconnectedwith the storage-tank and the main side of said pump or motor.Fig. 2 is an edge View of same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of sameon the dotted line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a front view of same shownin connection with the storage-tank and the cylinder. Fig. 5 is asectional View through the variable motor or pump on the dotted line 5 5of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 isa like section through the pump or motor of fixedcapacity on the dotted line 6 6 of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is an enlarged sideelevation of the variable rotary motor or pump. Fig. 8 is an edge viewof same. Fig. 9 1s a longitudinal section of same on the dotted line 9 9of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a transverse section of same'on the dotted line 1010 of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a like section of same on the dotted line 11 11of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a like section of same on the dotted line 12 12 ofFig. 9. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the. stationary frame detachedfrom the variable motor or pump. Fig. 14 is an end view of same lookingat the right-hand end of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a side elevation of themovable frame detached from the variable motor or pump. Fig. 16 is anend view of same looking at the right-hand end of Fig. 15. Fig.

17 is a detached end view of one of the rotary envelops detached fromthe variable motor or pump, and Fig. 18 is a topview of same.

In the drawings, 20 designates the pump or motor of fixed capacity; 21the motor or pump of variable capacity; 22, the cylinder or motor forconverting hydraulic into me chanical power; 23, the storage-tank forwater; 24, the pipe connection whereby the water main or supply may beconnected to one side of the pump or motor of fixed capacity; 25, a pipeconnecting the other side of said pump or motor with the aforesaidcylinder 26, apipe connecting the storage-tank 23,

with one side of the variable motor or pump; 27, a pipe connecting theother side of said variable motor or pump with the. pipe 24 at the mainside of the pump or motor 20.

The cylinder 22 is of familiar type and requires no special explanation,said cylinder being provided with the usual piston and piston-rod 88, bymeans of which the hydraulic power may be converted into mechanicalpower for actuatlng the elevator-car (not shown) or other device ormechanism. The cylinder 22 represents a known form and construction ofmotor and is not separately claimed herein.

The storage-tank 23 is simply a receptacle to contain a suitable supplyof water proportioned to the size of the cylinder 22 and the capacity ofthe apparatus, and said tank 23 possesses in itself no speclalstructural features requiring descrlptlon.

The pump or motor 26 comprises in the present instance the exteriorcasing and two cooperative impellers 28 29, mounted upon shafts 30 31,respectively, which are parallel with each other and connected togetherby gear-wheels 32. The pump or motor 20 is in itself of known form andconstruction and is not separately claimed herein, nor is the presentinvention limited in every instance to the special construction ofrotary pump or motor 20, although I' prefer in carrying out my inventionto employ the special rotary pump or motor 20 shown. The impellers 28 29are of cycloidal outline; but it is well known that the impellers in theclass of apparatus to which the pump or motor 20 belongs are of variousoutlines, some being, for illustration, in the form of gear-wheels ofcomparatively large pitch rotating in close contact within the casing.The rotary pump or'motor 20 is therefore a known type of rotary pump ormotor, and, as usual, 1t has a fixed capacity, at all times pumping orconsuming a fixed volume of water. The pump or motor 20 may operate withequal efiiciency' either as a motor or as a pump, and, as hereinafterexplained, the said pump or motor 20 sometimes operates as a pumpdrivenby the vari able pump or motor 21 as a motor and sometimes as amotor to drive thevariable pump or motor 21 as a pump.

The-variable motor or pump 21 comprises, in its preferred form, theexterior casing, impellers 33 34, a stationary frame 35, Figs. 3, 9, 10,13, and 14, located at the left-hand side, looking at Fig. 9, of thepassage through said casing, a movable frame 36, located at theright-hand side of the fpassage through the casing, Figs. 3, 9, 12, 15,andf'16, a ro tary cylindrical envelop 37 mounted within an opening 38in said frame 35 and having an opening conforming to the outline of theim peller 33 held thereby, Figs. 9, 10,}and 11, a rotary cylindricalenvelop 39 mounted within an opening 40 in the movable-frame 36 andhaving an opening corresponding with the outline of the impeller 34,Figs. 9, 12, held thereby, and means for moving the frame 36 toward andfrom the frame 35, so that during the movement of said frame 36 towardand from the frame 35 the envelop of the frame 36 may be more or lessmoved upon and conceal the impeller 34 and that said frame 36 may duringsuch movement force the impeller 33 more or less into its envelop 37,thereby regulating the exposure of the surface area of said impellers.When the frame 36 is moved outwardly in a direction from the frame 35,it will withdraw its rotary envelop 39 from off of the impeller 34 andwithdraw the impeller 33 from its envelop 37 and move the inner end ofsaid im peller 33 into cooperative relation to the like portion of theimpeller 34.

The impeller 34 is mounted upon the shaft 31 which extends through thepump or motor 20 and into the variable motor or pump 21, and theimpeller 33 is mounted upon or connected with a shaft 41, which, asshown in Fig. 9, is mounted in a longitudinal bearing aperture in themovable frame 36, the inner transverse edge of the transverse portion ofsaid frame 36 being in close relation to the outer or right-hand endedge, looking at Fig. 9, of the impeller 33, and the outer end of theshaft 41 having a head seated within a recess in a cap-plate 42, fittedupon the outer or right-hand end, looking at Fig. 9, of said frame 36.The shaft of the pump or motor 20 also extends into the casing of thevariable motor or pump 21, as shown in Fig. 9, this result beingpermitted by reason of the fact that the pumps or motors 20 21 arearranged in end to end relation to each other. The impeller 34 cannothave any longitudinal movement and therefore is stationary, except forits capacity to rotate in about the central side portion of the casingof the variable motor or pump 21 but the impeller 33, being connected bythe shaft 41 with the movable frame 36, may have a longitudinal motionimparted to it during its rotary motion, said impeller 33 being obligedto follow the movement of the frame 36. The frame 35 is formed with asubstantially semicircular shoulder 43, Figs. 9, 13, and 14, whichprevents the rotary envelop 37 from being drawn from its opening or seat38 in the frame 35 during the outward movement of the frame 36, and themovable frame 36 is formed with a substantially semicircular shoulder44, which prevents the rotary envelop 39 from losing its position fromthe seat or opening 40 when said frame is being drawn outwardly towardthe right, looking at Fig. 9. The rotary envelop 37 for the impeller 33rotates within the opening 38 and receives its rotary motion either fromthe impeller 33 or the shaft 30, as hereinafter explained, and in orderthat said envelop 37 may thus be rotated a portion of the impeller 33always remains Within said envelop and said shaft 30, adjacent to theouter end of said envelop 37, is formed with a head 45, Fig. 9, which isfastened to said envelop, whereby the shaft 30 becomes, in effect,during certain operations the shaft for transmitting power from therotary motor 20 to the impeller 33. The impeller 34 receives its motionfrom or imparts motion to the shaft 31 in accordance with whether thedevice 21 is qperating as a pump or as a motor, and said impeller 34rotates the envelop 39.

The means for moving the frame 36 toward and from the stationary frame35 comprise in the present instance a rack-bar 46, extending outwardlyfrom the said frame 36, a pinion-wheel 47 in mesh with said rack-bar,and a wheel 48, secured upon the shaft 49 for said wheel 47, and thewheel 48 may be operated in any suitable manner, and in the case ofelevator structures the said wheel may be operated by means of a usualcontrol-cable within reach of the attendant in the car. By

turning the wheel 48 in one direction the frame 36 will be caused toapproach the sta tionary frame 35, and by turning the wheel 48 in anopposite direction the frame 36 will be caused to recede from said frame35, the impellers 33 34 being entirely concealed when the frame 36 ismoved close up to the frame 35 and being more or less exposed in theadjustment of said frame 36 from and toward said frame 35, therebyvarying the capacity of the pump or motor 21 at will from nothing to themaximum.'

The movable frame 36 has on opposite sides the shoulders 50, Figs. 12,15, and 16, which guide on the longitudinal edges 51, Figs. 11, 13, ofthe stationary frame 35, and between the shoulders 50 the frame 36 isformed with a semicircular portion 52, which guides Within thelongitudinal semicircular portion 53 of the frame 35, and the frame 35is formed with the shoulders 54, Figs. 10, 13, 14, against which theedges 55 of the longitudinal portion 56 of the frame 36 may guide, whilebetween the said shoulders 54 the frame 35 is formed with thesemicircular por tion 57, against which said semicircular por tion 56 ofthe frame 36 may guide, so that when the frame 36 is moved to its fullinward position against the frame 35 the impellers 33 34 will be fullyconcealed within their envelops 37 39; but it is to be observed thatalthough the impellers are at such time fully concealed and perform noduty their envelops 37 39 may continue in rotation under the powertransmitted to them from the impellers 28 29 of the pump or motor 20.

The variable pump or motor 21 has been made the subject of a separateapplication for Letters Patent of the United States, filed by me onSeptember 7, 1904, and bearing Serial No. 223,599, and therefore thesaid variable pump or motor is not separately claimed herein, but isillustrated herein for the purpose of disclosing the best means andmethod known to me for carrying out the present invention.

The impellers 33 34 of the motor or pump 21 are longer than theimpellers 28 29 of the pump or motor 20, and the corresponding impellersin said pumps or motors 2O 21 have their major axes on the same plane.

In arriving at an understanding of the operation of the invention itwill be necessary to consider the action of the various parts of theapparatus under the varying conditions under which an elevator-car maybe used, it being remembered that the purpose of the invention is to soregulate the water-supply that the water used from the main is directlyproportioned to the load raised or lowered.

n explaining the operation of the invention it may be assumed forpurposes of illustration that the apparatus has been designed for anaverage load of fifteen hundred pounds and that the pressure of thewater-supply is one hundred pounds to the square inch. To start with, itmay be assumed that the effective surface of the impellers in the motoror pump 21, which is exposed, equals the surace of the impellers in thepum or motor 20 and that the pressures are t erefore balanced and theparts at rest, there being then the one hundred pounds pressure actingagainst one side of the pump or motor-20 and against the op osite sideof the motor or ump 21. If t e car is to ascend with its ll or maximumload, the frame 36 of the variable motor or pump 21 will be movedinwardly to effect the concealment of both of the impellers 33 34, saidframe 36 then closing the passage through the pum or motor 21 and saidimpellers 33 34 whi e rotating performing no duty whatever. Under thiscondition of the a paratus the water from the main will flow tliroughthe pipe 24, pump or motor 20, and pipe 25 into the cylinder 22 andeffect the movement of the piston therein, whereby the rod 88 may beenabled, through its proper connections, to cause the car to ascend.Under such condition of the ascent of the car with the maximum load theapparatus constituting my invention performs practically no functionduring such ascent. To stop the ascending car carrying the maximum load,the attendant, by operating the wheel 48 through the ordinary cable,will move the frame 36 outwardly to a slight extent from the frame 35,thus exposing a narrow portion of the impeller 34 and effecting theexposure of a corresponding portion of the impeller 33 and bringing saidexposed portion of the impeller 33 into coo erative relation with theexposed portion 0 the impeller 34, which will result in said impellers33 34 acting as a pump pumping at one hundred pounds pressure until theinertia of the water flowing through the pipe 24 has been overcome andthe pressures have become balanced, whereupon the car will stop. Theslight friction of the moving parts of the a paratus will hold theimpellers stationary w hen the pressures are balancedthat is, when thereis the predetermined pressure of, say, one hundred pounds back pressurein the cylinder 22 and one hundred pounds impressed pressure on the mainside of the motor or pump 20. It may be said, for the sake ofillustration, that to stop the ascending car carrying amaximum load theframe 36 should be moved to expose about five per cent. of the length ofthe impellers 33 34. When it is desired that a car carrying the maximumload shall descend, the attendant in the car will by operating the wheel48 move the frame 36 outwardly from the position last above indicated toexpose about another five per cent, or a total of ten per cent. of theefective area of the impellers 33 34, this, assuming that the frictionof the parts equals five per cent. of such area. Under this condition ofthe apparatus there wouldbe the full im-- pressed pressure of onehundred pounds on the main side of the pump or motor 20 and one hundredpounds back pressure from the cylinder 22'against the opposite side ofthe pump or motor 20 and one hundred pounds impressed pressure on oneside of the motor or pump 21, with the-ten-per cent. area of theimpellers 33 34 exposed to the said pressure, resulting in saidimpellers 33 34 being rotated reversely as a motor and driving theimpellers 28 29 of the pump or motor 20 as a pump for pumping the waterfrom the cylinder 22 and allowing the car to descend. The water which isat this time pumped from the cylinder 22 passes partly into the mainthrough the pipe 24 and partly through the pipe 27 and motor 21 to thestorage-tank 23, ninety per cent. of the said water passing to the mainand ten per cent. thereof into the said storage-tank, whereby there is asaving of the said ninety percent. of the water, the

same being returned to the main instead of being wasted or allowed toescape into a sewer.

The operation of the apparatus may be further illustrated'by stating theconditions which prevail during the ascent, stoppage, and descent of thecar when the latter con tains one-half ofits maximum load. Under thiscondition, in causing the car to ascend, the attendant will through thewheel 48 and intermediate connections move the frame 36 outwardly untilabout but not quite one-half of the effective areas of the impellers 3334 become exposed and placed into cooperative relation to each other,and at such time the variable pump or motor 21 will act as a pump andwill be driven by thepurnp or motor'20 acting as a motor. Under thiscondition the pump 21 will pump about one-half of the quantity of waterrequired for the cylinder 22 from the storage-tank 23, and the balanceof the water required for said cylinder will come from the main. Whenthelimpellers 33 34 have thus become exposed throughout about but notquite one-half of their effective area we have during the ascent of thecar with onehalf' of its maximum load fifty pounds back pressure in thecylinder 22, due to the load, and this acts against one side of theimpellers in the pump or motor 20, and

we also have one hundred pounds impressed pressure acting against theother side of the impellers in the pump or motor 20, leaving aneffective pressure of fifty pounds to turn The propor-' the impellers insaid motor 20. tionate areas of the impellers in the pumps or motors 2O21 must be such that in the illustration given the fifty pounds excessof pressure on the main side of the pump or motor 20 may enable the saidpump or motor to act as a motor and operate the pump or motor 21 as apump, the latter pumping at'a pressure of one hundred pounds andapproximately pumping one-half of the quantity'of water required for thecylinder 22. In this illustration of the action of the parts it is to beremembered that the efiective area of the impellers 33 34 exposed forduty is less than the area of the impellers 28 29 in the motor 20. Tostop the car, ascending with one-half its maximum load, the attendantwill move the frame 36 slightly outwardly to a further extent, so thatjust one-half of the effective surface areas of the impellers 33 34become exposed, and at such time there will be the fifty pounds backpressure in the cylinder 22 and one hundred pounds impressed pressure onthe main side of the pump or motor 20 and on the discharge side of thepump or motor 21, which acting on the thus-exposed impellers 33 34operates to enable the latter to hold the impellers 28 29 of the pump ormotor 20 stationary. In this illustration the impellers in the pump ormotor 21 do not turn under the impressed pressure against them, becauseof the fifty pounds of back pressure in the cylinder 22 and the factthat the one hundred pounds of impressed pressure on the impellers 33 34is only acting against one-half of the effective area of said impellers.car is to descend with one-half of its maximum load, the attendant willpull the frame 36 outwardly to a slightly further extent, so thatslightly more than one-half of the effective area of the impellers 33 34will be exposed,

and under such. condition the impressed pressure from the main willdrive the pump or motor 21 as a motor, which will drive the pump ormotor 20 as a pump, the latter pumping the water out of the cylinder 22,fifty per cent. of said water going to the main and fifty per cent.through the motor21 to the storagetank 23.

A further illustration of the operation of the apparatus would be aconsideration of the conditions which prevail during the ascent,stoppage, and descent of the car with no load. Under this illustration,leaving the question of friction out of account, there would be no backpressure in the cylinder 22 and the attendant would move the frame 36inwardly until the exposed effective area of the impellers 33 34 isslightly less than the area of the impellers 28 29-that is, about fiveper cent. less-so as to overcome friction, under which condition therewould be no back pressure, and the pump or motor 20 would act as a motorand drive the motor or pump 21 as a pump, the latter pumping from thestorage-tank 23 and delivering to the motor 20 about ninety-five percent. of the water required for the cylinder 22, the other five percent. of the water coming from the main and being just sufficient toovercome the friction created by the moving parts. In this illustrationthe impellers 33 34 and 28 29 rotate in unison, and since the effectivearea of the impellers 33 34 was only reduced about When the five percent. from a balancing condition and since the impellers 28 29 areconsuming one hundred per cent. of water it follows that the impellers33 34 pump from the storage-tank 23 ninety-five per cent. of the volumeof water consumed. To stop the car ascending with no load, the attendantwould simply move the frame 36 outwardly until the exposed effectivearea of the impellers 33 34 equals the area of the impellers 28 29 andthe pressures become balanced on the main side of the pump or motor 20and the discharge side of the pump or motor 21. To effect the descent ofthe car with no load, the attendant would move the frame 36 outwardly toan extent equal to about ten per cent. of the length of the impellers 3334 beyond the degree of exposure of said impellers during the upwardtravel of the car with no load, and then the pump or motor 21 would actas amotor and drive the pump or motor 20 as a pump. The water from thecylinder 22 will then pass through the pump 20 and motor 21 to the tank23, and at such time a volume of water from the main equal to about fiveper cent. of the volume of the water from the cylinder 22 would alsopass through the motor 21 to the said tank 23, this five per cent. ofwater from the main passing to the tank 23 being due to the extra fiveper cent. of exposure of the impellers 33 34 for moving the cardownwardly. In other words, during the descent of the car with no loadthe pump or motor 21, acting as a motor, consumes five per cent. morewater than the pump 20 withdraws from the cylinder 22.

It is thought that the foregoing illustrations of the operation of theapparatus will be sufficient to indicate the utility of the invention.The saving of water during the ascent of the car is due to the fact thatonly a part of the water is taken from the main, while the other part ispumped from the storage-tank,

and that the portion taken from the main is directly proportional to theload and during the descent of the car the water is put back into themain in direct proportion to the load on the car, necessary fixedfriction losses excepted.

It is to be understood that my invention is not limited to the specialdetails of mechanism above described, nor to any special hy drauliccylinder or actuating-motor 22, nor to the nature of the work the rod ofsaid cylinder is to perform, whether it be for actuating an elevator-caror other body or device, the main object being that water used from themain shall be directly proportional to the load raised or lowered in theelevator or in other apparatus to the amount of work done. I regard theinvention, however, as ofvery great utility in hydraulic-elevatorapparatus.

I designate the parts 20 21 as pumps or motors because each acts attimes as a pump and at other times as a motor, the part 20 acting as apump when driven by the part 21 acting as a motor and acting as a motorwhen driving the part 21 as a pump.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuating motor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source of liquidsupply under pressure and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank forliquid, a variable pump or motor connected with said tank and with saidliquid-supply, and means for regulating said variable pump or motor,said pumps or motors having operative action; substantially as setforth.

2. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a rotary pump or motor of the impeller typeconnected with a source of liquid-supply under pressure and with saidactuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid, a va-' riable rotary motoror pump of the impeller type connected with said tank and with saidliquid-supply, and means for regulating said variable pump or motor,said pumps or motors having cooperative action; substantially as setforth. 8. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for convertinghydraulic into mechanical power, a pump connected with asource ofliquid-supply under pressure and with said motor, a storage-tank forliquid, a variable motor connected with said tank and with saidliquid-supply, and means for regulating said variable motor, said pumpand variable motor having cooperative action substantially as set forth.

4. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuating motor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a motor connected with a source of liquid-supplyunder pressure and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,a variable pump connected with said tank and with said liquid-supply,and means for regulating said pump, said pump and motor havingcooperative action; substantially as set forth.

5. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source ofliquid-supply and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,and a variable pump or motor coacting with said pump or motor andconnected with said liquid-supply and said tank, said variable pump ormotor comprising impellers and means for controlling the extent of areaof said impellers which shall be permitted to act; substantially as setforth.

6. Inhydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source ofliquid-supply and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,and a variable pump or motor coacting with said pump or motor andconnected with said liquid-supply and said tank, said variable pump ormotor comprising impellers one of which is movable with respect to theother impeller, and means for controlling the extent of area ofsaid'impellers which shall be permitted to act and placing the adjacentends of said impellers into cooperative relation to each other;substantially as set forth.

7. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source ofliquid-supply and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,and a variable pump or motor coacting with said pump or motor andconnected with said liquid-supply and said tank, said variable pump ormotor comprising the impellers, a rotary envelop having an opening toreceive more or less of one of said impellers, a rotary envelop toreceive more or less of the other impeller, and means for eflecting theexposure to a greater or less extent of the adjoining ends of saidimpellers and placing said ends into cooperative relation to each othersubstantially as set forth.

8. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source ofliquid-supply and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,and a variable pump or motor coacting with said pump or motor andconnected with said liquid-supply and said tank, said variable pump ormotor comprising the impellers one of which is movable longitudinallywith respect to the other impeller, means for moving said movableimpeller to bring more or less of its area into cooperative relationwith the other impeller, and means for concealing so much of the area ofsaid impellers as it maybe desired to keep out of action; substantiallyas set forth.

9. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor for converting hydraulicinto mechanical power, a pump or motor connected with a source ofliquid-supply and with said actuating-motor, a storage-tank for liquid,and a variable pump or motor coacting with said pump or motor andconnected with said liquid-supply and said tank, said variable pump ormotor comprising the impellers, a frame having an opening therein, arotary envelop fitting said opening in said frame and containing anopening to receive more or less of one of said impellers, a movableframe containing an opening, a rotary envelop fitting the opening insaid movable frame and having an opening in it to receive more or lessof the other one of said impellers, means connecting said movable frameto the impeller of the first-mentioned frame, and means for moving saidmovable frame toward and from the other frame, whereby one of saidimpellers may be more or less forced into or withdrawn from its rotaryenvelop and the envelop carried by said movable frame is caused to moreor less conceal or expose its impeller and the adjacent ends of saidimpellers are brought into cooperative relation to each other;substantially as set forth.

10. In hydraulic apparatus, an actuatingmotor, a rotary pump or motor offixed capacity and a rotary pump or motor of variable capacity connectedwith the source of liquid-supply to said actuating-motor, an additionalsource of liquid-supply connected with the pump or motor of variablecapacity,

and means for adjusting the impellers of" said pump or motor of variablecapacity in accordance with the load, said rotary pumps or motors havingtheir corresponding impellers connected for cooperative action;substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, this 10th day of September, A. D. 1904.

ETHELBERT M. FRASER.

Witnesses:

CHAS. C. GILL, ARTHUR MARION.

